GENERATION OF COMPUTER
1. PRE-COMPUTER ERA - (circa: 1887 –1945)
Marked by the used of electronic-mechanical devices and components. They were designed mainly to perform single tasks and simple arithmetic operations.
2. 1st GENERATION – (circa: 1946 – 1959)
Utilize Vacuum tubes. They require large air-conditioning system because they heat up easily. They are also expensive, relatively slow, unreliable and bulky. These monoliths usually occupy entire rooms and require that the flooring be specially reinforced (heavy), otherwise, they will collapse with their sheer mass and weight.
3. 2nd GENERATION – (circa: 1960 – 1969)
Emergence and use of transistors. They are smaller in physical dimension, require less power to operate, generate less heat, are reliable, and cost less to maintain.
4. 3rd GENERATION – (circa: 1970-1979)
Use of Microelectronic (miniaturized circuits) and/or Integrated Circuits (IC). The LSI (Large-scale Integrated Circuit) and the VLSI (Very Large-scale Integrated Circuit) were also introduced in this era. They are more compact, more efficient, fatsre and more reliable.
5. 4th GENERATION – (circa: 1980 – present)
In this era, the VVLSI (Very, Very Large-scale Integrated Circuit) and the bumble memory were among the very first to be developed and introduced. This era is characterized by the use of dual processors, dual CPUs, fault-tolerant and non-stop system, and vertical recording. Also, in this era, although they have already been long in existence, the radical surge of improvement and development of Telecommunications Interfacing by computers and of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be observed. Software and system developments also experienced a fantastic boom in every direction.
1. PRE-COMPUTER ERA - (circa: 1887 –1945)
Marked by the used of electronic-mechanical devices and components. They were designed mainly to perform single tasks and simple arithmetic operations.
2. 1st GENERATION – (circa: 1946 – 1959)
Utilize Vacuum tubes. They require large air-conditioning system because they heat up easily. They are also expensive, relatively slow, unreliable and bulky. These monoliths usually occupy entire rooms and require that the flooring be specially reinforced (heavy), otherwise, they will collapse with their sheer mass and weight.
3. 2nd GENERATION – (circa: 1960 – 1969)
Emergence and use of transistors. They are smaller in physical dimension, require less power to operate, generate less heat, are reliable, and cost less to maintain.
4. 3rd GENERATION – (circa: 1970-1979)
Use of Microelectronic (miniaturized circuits) and/or Integrated Circuits (IC). The LSI (Large-scale Integrated Circuit) and the VLSI (Very Large-scale Integrated Circuit) were also introduced in this era. They are more compact, more efficient, fatsre and more reliable.
5. 4th GENERATION – (circa: 1980 – present)
In this era, the VVLSI (Very, Very Large-scale Integrated Circuit) and the bumble memory were among the very first to be developed and introduced. This era is characterized by the use of dual processors, dual CPUs, fault-tolerant and non-stop system, and vertical recording. Also, in this era, although they have already been long in existence, the radical surge of improvement and development of Telecommunications Interfacing by computers and of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be observed. Software and system developments also experienced a fantastic boom in every direction.
WHAT IS COMPUTER?
A computer is an electronic device capable of doing arithmetic computation, reading, writing, storing data and even make logical decision. It is composed of hardware and software.
TYPICAL PARTS OF A COMPUTER
1. MONITOR or Cathode ray tube (CRT) – serves as the viewpoint of the computer, because it is here where we see the output of our commands.
2. C.P.U. – The “Brain” of the computer, it is the one that processes all the commands coming from the operator or programmer.
3. KEYBOARD – used to input command or data into the computer.
A computer is an electronic device capable of doing arithmetic computation, reading, writing, storing data and even make logical decision. It is composed of hardware and software.
TYPICAL PARTS OF A COMPUTER
1. MONITOR or Cathode ray tube (CRT) – serves as the viewpoint of the computer, because it is here where we see the output of our commands.
2. C.P.U. – The “Brain” of the computer, it is the one that processes all the commands coming from the operator or programmer.
3. KEYBOARD – used to input command or data into the computer.
Computers can be classified into categories based on size and capacity
A. Supercomputers are very fast computers with large memories used in
research laboratories, nuclear weapon development, weather forecasting and aircraft design. It can calculate billions or even trillions of instructions or data per-second.
B. Mainframe computers are large computers with ultimate sophistication,
flexibility and speed and typically used in government agencies, large corporations and computer service organizations. A single mainframe computer can be used simultaneously by many different people working at terminals. It has a large storage capacity and can operate 8-16 million instructions or data per-second.
C. Minicomputers are smaller than mainframe computers but can still support
multiple users. It is widely used in commercial operation, schools, laboratories, airline reservation, banking transactions and inventory control. They can do almost everything that a large computer can do and much lower at cost.
D. Microcomputers, first built in the mid-1970s. This are computer build with
silicon chips where the entire CPU is contained on a single integrated circuit (called a microprocessor). Microcomputers are small enough and inexpensive enough for individuals to be able to afford them. The development of more powerful microprocessor chips has made it possible to steadily increase the speed and memory capacity of microcomputers.
COMPUTER CAPABILITIES
1. Ability to perform certain logic operations
2. Ability to provide new time dimensions
3. Ability to store and retrieve information
4. Ability to control error
5. Ability to check itself
LIMITATION OF COMPUTER (DISADVANTAGES)
1. Inability to generate information
2. A computer cannot correct wrong instructions
3. A computer cannot come out with an original “Decision”
4. Inability to derive meaning from objects
FOUR SUPPORTIVE ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER
1. PROBLEM – a set of instructions or data that is used to find a solution.
2. HARDWARE – refers to the tangible or physical components of a computer, such as monitor, CPU, video card, printer, plotter, speakers, mouse etc.
3. SOFTWARE – this are programs designed to manipulate the computer or set of instructions or commands for the computer to follow.
4. Programmer/Operator – This refers to the person responsible in the operation or maintenance of a personal computer and he/she is the one that creates the programs or software.
A. Supercomputers are very fast computers with large memories used in
research laboratories, nuclear weapon development, weather forecasting and aircraft design. It can calculate billions or even trillions of instructions or data per-second.
B. Mainframe computers are large computers with ultimate sophistication,
flexibility and speed and typically used in government agencies, large corporations and computer service organizations. A single mainframe computer can be used simultaneously by many different people working at terminals. It has a large storage capacity and can operate 8-16 million instructions or data per-second.
C. Minicomputers are smaller than mainframe computers but can still support
multiple users. It is widely used in commercial operation, schools, laboratories, airline reservation, banking transactions and inventory control. They can do almost everything that a large computer can do and much lower at cost.
D. Microcomputers, first built in the mid-1970s. This are computer build with
silicon chips where the entire CPU is contained on a single integrated circuit (called a microprocessor). Microcomputers are small enough and inexpensive enough for individuals to be able to afford them. The development of more powerful microprocessor chips has made it possible to steadily increase the speed and memory capacity of microcomputers.
COMPUTER CAPABILITIES
1. Ability to perform certain logic operations
2. Ability to provide new time dimensions
3. Ability to store and retrieve information
4. Ability to control error
5. Ability to check itself
LIMITATION OF COMPUTER (DISADVANTAGES)
1. Inability to generate information
2. A computer cannot correct wrong instructions
3. A computer cannot come out with an original “Decision”
4. Inability to derive meaning from objects
FOUR SUPPORTIVE ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER
1. PROBLEM – a set of instructions or data that is used to find a solution.
2. HARDWARE – refers to the tangible or physical components of a computer, such as monitor, CPU, video card, printer, plotter, speakers, mouse etc.
3. SOFTWARE – this are programs designed to manipulate the computer or set of instructions or commands for the computer to follow.
4. Programmer/Operator – This refers to the person responsible in the operation or maintenance of a personal computer and he/she is the one that creates the programs or software.
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